Why this matters now Technology has quietly changed the locus of leadership accountability. Outcomes that once reflected individual judgment increasingly reflect system design choices made long before execution. Architecture, governance models, incentive structures, and policy interpretation now shape behaviour at scale. When these choices fail, responsibility cannot be credibly assigned downstream. This shift has practical consequence. Organisations that continue to treat system design as a technical matter discover accountability gaps only when failure exposes them. By that point, correction is costly, trust erodes, and leadership authority weakens. The best-performing organisations have recognised this change and adjusted leadership practice accordingly. The...