Throughout history, humanity’s conflicts have evolved in lockstep with its technological frontiers. From battles on land and sea to the dominance of the air in the 20th century, each domain brought new tactics, weapons, and doctrines. Following the digital revolution, cyberspace emerged as the fourth warfighting domain, transforming how nations project power, defend sovereignty, and deter aggression. Now, a fifth domain has fully arrived — space. No longer a peaceful void reserved for exploration and science, space has become an arena of strategic competition, intelligence collection, and, increasingly, potential conflict. Nations are racing to secure orbital dominance, safeguard their satellites, and develop capabilities that blend terrestrial and extraterrestrial defense into one seamless architecture. ...
January 8, 2026
Abstract Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) has evolved into one of the most significant cybersecurity challenges of the 2020s, transforming ransomware from isolated...
January 4, 2026
In 2024, cyber defenders began shifting from reactive incident response toward proactive detection of hardware-level threats — particularly attacks using...
January 6, 2026
Executive summary Optical fibre networks have long been the backbone of global digital communication transmitting massive volumes of data at...
January 8, 2026
Executive Summary The oil and gas sector, historically characterized by capital-intensive operations and high risks, is undergoing a transformative shift...