Abstract Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) has evolved into one of the most significant cybersecurity challenges of the 2020s, transforming ransomware from isolated acts of digital extortion into a global, highly organized criminal industry. By mirroring the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model, RaaS enables even unskilled actors to deploy sophisticated ransomware through subscription- or profit-sharing arrangements. ...